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Will deliver a 'knock-out punch' to NT this year.) Torvalds may be enthusiastic about the commercialization of freeware, but he's not motivated by it. (The Linux vendor Caldera recently issued a spiritedĬhallenge to Microsoft on its Web site, saying that its OpenLinux products

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That marriage has pushed the Linux user base to about 5 million, by his estimation, to rival Windows NT, Microsoft's up-and-coming It's a marriage made in heaven,' he says. 'There are two different types of development and both are needed.

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In his corner of a world where religious wars flare every day, Torvalds, who created Linux at the University of Helsinki but now works in the heart of Silicon Valley, is remarkably relaxed about the philosophy of free software.

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Linux, Linus's name mixed with Unix, is eitherĪvailable for free as source code on the Internet or for a relatively modest fee-often less than $100-from companies that package it on CD-ROM, document it, make it easy to install, and even add extras such as office applications and server software. 'Lots of people think it's strange that the commercial companies are making money from the work of the technical people, but everybody gets what he wants out the project,' said Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux, an eight-year-old Unix-based operating system for PCs.

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Its moneymaking server products will remain proprietary, but even a limited free software strategy could help Netscape turn the corner, along with the profile of the freeware movement. Netscape's strategy for incorporating the freeware philosophy into its upcoming release of Communicator will be closely watched on both sides. It is this development that has led to the consternation of some and the applause of others.

The projects remain mostly under the guidance of technology enthusiasts, but commercial interests have gained a toehold. Not only for all to see, but also to use, manipulate, change, and redistribute-sometimes free of charge, sometimes for a fee-but always with the knowledge that there are few, if any, secrets. Their respective source codes are published What the projects all have in common is openness. The Internet and their love of technology. The freeware philosophy places the responsibility of creating, changing, and debugging complex systems in the hands of complete strangers linked only by Manyįounders and early users of the Internet have turned to technology toĭevelop their personal philosophies, and this spirit of communal innovationįor its own sake has played a significant role in the tremendous growth ofĭuring the past two decades, the freeware idea has resulted in numerous software projects, generating names such as Apache, GNU (which stands for the solipsistic 'GNU's Not Unix'), and Linux. Maverick political nature as much as it is a function of technology. The freeware concept, really a religion of sorts, is reflective of the industry's Understand the concept, you should think of free speech, not free beer,' Richard Stallman, one of the pioneers of the movement, The notion of freeware or free software doesn't mean free in the financial sense, but instead applies to distribution, exchanging code, and innovation. 'It's going to teach a whole generation of programmers about this idea.' 'This is a win for Netscape, for the industry, and a step forward for 'software-kind,'' as one Internet software development manager in Silicon Valley put it. Handful of companies, the 'freeware' model of development suddenly took center stage two weeks ago when Netscape Communications said it would give away the source code of its forthcoming Communicator suite, including one of the most popular software programs ever: the Navigator browser.

Once mostly the domain of code warriors, academics, and Throughout the normally staid hallways and labs of their high-technology offices, engineers were abuzz with anticipation that the computer establishment might finally sit up and take notice of a software philosophy that has quietly gained ground for the past two decades.